Author Topic: Q5 TUT 5101  (Read 4154 times)

Victor Ivrii

  • Administrator
  • Elder Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2607
  • Karma: 0
    • View Profile
    • Personal website of Victor Ivrii
Q5 TUT 5101
« on: November 02, 2018, 03:18:25 PM »
Transform the given system into a single equation of second order and find the solution $(x_1(t),x_2(t))$, satisfying initial conditions
$$\left\{\begin{aligned}
&x'_1= 2x_2, &&x_1(0) = 3,\\
&x'_2= -2x_1, &&x_2(0) = 4.
\end{aligned}\right.$$

Yulin WANG

  • Full Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 17
  • Karma: 25
  • MAT244H1 2018F
    • View Profile
Re: Q5 TUT 5101
« Reply #1 on: November 02, 2018, 03:21:48 PM »
(1)
Rewrite the first equation: $x_{2} = \frac{1}{2}x_{1}'$
Then: $x_{2}'' = \frac{1}{2}x_{1}''$
Plug into the second equation: $\frac{1}{2}x_{1}'' = -2x_{1}$
Therefore, we get $x_{1}'' + 4x_{1} = 0$ which is a second order ODE of $𝑥_{1}$
(2)
\begin{align*}
Let A &=
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 2 \\
-2 & 0
\end{bmatrix}\\
A-\lambda I &=
\begin{bmatrix}
-\lambda & 2 \\
-2 & -\lambda
\end{bmatrix}\\
det(A-\lambda I) &= \lambda^{2} + 4 = 0\\
\lambda &= \pm 2i\\
\end{align*}
For $\lambda = 2i$:
\begin{align*}
A-\lambda I &=
\begin{bmatrix}
-2i & 2 \\
-2 & -2i
\end{bmatrix}\\
null\begin{bmatrix} -2i & 2 \\ -2 & -2i \end{bmatrix}
&= span{\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ i \end{bmatrix}\\}\\
so, \ the \ eigenvector \  V &= \begin{bmatrix} 1\\ i \end{bmatrix}\\
Then, \  e^{\lambda t}V &= e^{2it}\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ i \end{bmatrix}\\
&= (cos2t + isin2t)\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ i \end{bmatrix}\\
&= \begin{bmatrix} cos2t + isin2t\\ icos2t - sin2t \end{bmatrix}\\
Thus, \  \phi_{1}(t) &= \begin{bmatrix} cos2t\\- sin2t \end{bmatrix}\\
\phi_{2}(t) &= \begin{bmatrix} sin2t\\cos2t \end{bmatrix}\\
Therefore, \ x_{1} &= c_{1}cos2t + c_{2}sin2t\\
x_{2} &= -c_{1}sin2t + c_{2}cos2t\\
Since, \ x_{1}(0) &= 3 \ and \  x_{2}(0) = 4\\
So, \ c_{1} &= 3 \ and \ c_{2} = 4\\
\end{align*}
Therefore,
\begin{align*}
x_{1} &= 3cos2t + 4sin2t\\
x_{2} &= -3sin2t + 4cos2t\\
\end{align*}
« Last Edit: November 02, 2018, 04:22:50 PM by Yulin Wang »

Monika Dydynski

  • Full Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 26
  • Karma: 30
    • View Profile
Re: Q5 TUT 5101
« Reply #2 on: November 02, 2018, 03:36:29 PM »
Transform the given system into a single equation of second order and find the solution (x_1(t), x_2(t)), satisfying initial conditions
$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &x'_1= 2x_2, &&x_1(0) = 3,\\ &x'_2= -2x_1, &&x_2(0) = 4. \end{aligned}\right.$$


a. Transform the given system into a single equation of second order.

Solving the first equation for $x_2$, we have
$$x_2=\frac{1}{2}x'_1$$

Plugging $x_2$ into the second equation gives

$$\left(\frac{1}{2}x’_1\right)’=-2x_1$$
$$\frac{1}{2}x’’_1+2x’_1=0$$
$$x’’_1+4x’_1=0$$

b. Find $x_1$ and $x_2$ that also satisfy the given initial conditions.

The characteristic equation is
$$\frac{1}{2}r^2+2=0$$
$$r^2+4=0$$
$$ r_1,2=\pm 2i$$

The general solution is
$$x_1(t)=c_1\cos{2t}+c_2\sin{2t}.$$

It follows that the solution for $x_2$ is

$$x_2(t)=\frac{1}{2}(-2c_1\sin{2t}+2c_2\cos{2t})=-c_1\sin{2t}+c_2 \cos{2t}$$

Satisfying the given initial conditions  $x_1(0)=3$ and $x_2(0)=4$, we have

$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &c_1=3\\ &c_2=4\end{aligned}\right.$$


The solutions that satisfy the given initial conditions are

$$x_1(t)=3\cos{2t}+4\sin{2t}$$
$$x_2(t)=-3\sin{2t}+4\cos{2t}.$$


Chuqiao Liu

  • Jr. Member
  • **
  • Posts: 5
  • Karma: 0
    • View Profile
Re: Q5 TUT 5101
« Reply #3 on: November 02, 2018, 03:57:41 PM »
Answer in the attachment.

Victor Ivrii

  • Administrator
  • Elder Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2607
  • Karma: 0
    • View Profile
    • Personal website of Victor Ivrii
Re: Q5 TUT 5101
« Reply #4 on: November 04, 2018, 07:48:02 PM »
Yulin, you are asked to solve this problem in a very specific way. Still in the combination with Monika's post it is a useful demo.

Also \det , \cos . ...

Chuqiao
You posted solution to some other problem