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Messages - Monika Dydynski

Pages: [1] 2
1
Quiz-5 / Re: Q5 TUT 0601
« on: November 02, 2018, 04:23:29 PM »
I think c1 should be -2 and c2 should be 2.

ah yes, this is a typo. thanks

2
Quiz-5 / Re: Q5 TUT 0601
« on: November 02, 2018, 04:04:30 PM »
Transform the given system into a single equation of second order and find the solution $(x_1(t), x_2(t))$, satisfying initial conditions

$$\left\{\begin{aligned} & x'_1= -0.5x_1 + 2x_2, &&x_1(0) = -2,\\ &x'_2= -2x_1 - 0.5x_2, &&x_2(0) = 2 \end{aligned}\right.$$


a. Transform the given system into a single equation of second order.

Solving the first equation for $x_2$, we have
$$x_2=\frac{1}{2}x’_1+\frac{1}{4}x_1\tag{1}$$

Plugging $x_2$ into the second equation gives

$$\left(\frac{1}{2}x’_1+\frac{1}{4}x_1\right)’=-2x_1-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}x’_1+\frac{1}{4}x_1\tag{1}\right)$$
$$x''_1+x'_1+\frac{17}{4}x_1=0$$

b. Find $x_1$ and $x_2$ that also satisfy the given initial conditions.

The characteristic equation is
$$r^2+r+\frac{17}{4}=0$$
$$r_1,2=\frac{1}{2}\pm 2i.$$

The general solution is
$$x_1(t)=e^{-\frac{1}{2}t}\left(c_1\cos{2t}+c_2\sin{2t}\right).$$

It follows that the solution for $x_2$ is

$$x_2(t)=-\frac{1}{2}e^{-\frac{1}{2}t}(c_1\left(-\frac{1}{4}\cos{2t}-2\sin{2t}\right)+c_2\left(2\cos{2t}-\frac{1}{4}\sin{2t}\right))$$

Satisfying the given initial conditions  $x_1(0)=-2$ and $x_2(0)=2$, we have

$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &c_1=-2\\ &c_2=2 \end{aligned}\right.$$

The solutions that satisfy the given initial conditions are

$$x_1(t)=e^{-\frac{1}{2}t}(2\sin{2t}-2\cos{2t})$$
$$x_2(t)=e^{-\frac{1}{2}t}(2\cos{2t}+2\sin{2t}).$$


3
Quiz-5 / Re: Q5 TUT 0601
« on: November 02, 2018, 03:40:40 PM »
In the attachment.

Fyi, your posts are all missing attachments!

4
Quiz-5 / Re: Q5 TUT 5101
« on: November 02, 2018, 03:36:29 PM »
Transform the given system into a single equation of second order and find the solution (x_1(t), x_2(t)), satisfying initial conditions
$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &x'_1= 2x_2, &&x_1(0) = 3,\\ &x'_2= -2x_1, &&x_2(0) = 4. \end{aligned}\right.$$


a. Transform the given system into a single equation of second order.

Solving the first equation for $x_2$, we have
$$x_2=\frac{1}{2}x'_1$$

Plugging $x_2$ into the second equation gives

$$\left(\frac{1}{2}x’_1\right)’=-2x_1$$
$$\frac{1}{2}x’’_1+2x’_1=0$$
$$x’’_1+4x’_1=0$$

b. Find $x_1$ and $x_2$ that also satisfy the given initial conditions.

The characteristic equation is
$$\frac{1}{2}r^2+2=0$$
$$r^2+4=0$$
$$ r_1,2=\pm 2i$$

The general solution is
$$x_1(t)=c_1\cos{2t}+c_2\sin{2t}.$$

It follows that the solution for $x_2$ is

$$x_2(t)=\frac{1}{2}(-2c_1\sin{2t}+2c_2\cos{2t})=-c_1\sin{2t}+c_2 \cos{2t}$$

Satisfying the given initial conditions  $x_1(0)=3$ and $x_2(0)=4$, we have

$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &c_1=3\\ &c_2=4\end{aligned}\right.$$


The solutions that satisfy the given initial conditions are

$$x_1(t)=3\cos{2t}+4\sin{2t}$$
$$x_2(t)=-3\sin{2t}+4\cos{2t}.$$


5
Quiz-5 / Re: Q5 TUT 0101
« on: November 02, 2018, 03:18:05 PM »
a. Transform the given system into a single equation of second order; and
b. Find $x_1$ and $x_2$ satisfying the initial conditions.

$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &x'_1 = 3x_1 - 2x_2, &&x_1(0) = 3,\\ &x'_2= 2x_1 - 2x_2, &&x_2(0) = \frac{1}{2}. \end{aligned}\right.$$

a. Transform the given system into a single equation of second order.

Solving the first equation for $x_2$, we have
$$x_2=-\frac{1}{2}x’_1+\frac{3}{2}x_1\tag{1}$$

Plugging $x_2$ into the second equation gives

$$\left(-\frac{1}{2}x’_1+\frac{3}{2}x_1\right)’=2x_1-2\left(-\frac{1}{2}x’_1+\frac{3}{2}x_1\right)$$
$$-\frac{1}{2}x’’_1+\frac{3}{2}x’_1=2x_1+x’_1-3x_1$$
$$x’’_1-x’_1-2x_1=0.$$

b. Find $x_1$ and $x_2$ satisfying initial conditions.

The characteristic equation is
$$r^2-r-2=0$$
$$(r+1)(r-2)=0 \Rightarrow r_1=-1, r_2=2.$$

The general solution is
$$x_1(t)=c_1e^{-t}+c_2e^{2t}.$$

It follows that the solution for $x_2$ is

$$x_2(t)=-\frac{1}{2}(-c_1e^{-t}+2c_2e^{2t})+\frac{3}{2}(c_1e^{-t}+c_2e^{2t})=2c_1e^{-t}+\frac{1}{2}c_2e^{2t}$$

Satisfying the given initial conditions  $x_1(0)=3$ and $x_2(0)=\frac{1}{2}$, we obtain the following system

$$\left\{\begin{aligned} &c_1+c_2=3\\ &2c_1+\frac{1}{2}c_2=\frac{1}{2} \end{aligned}\right.$$

Solving this system, we get

$$\cases{c_1=-\frac{2}{3}\\c_2=\frac{11}{3}}$$

The solutions that satisfy the given initial conditions are

$$x_1(t)=-\frac{2}{3}e^{-t}+\frac{11}{3}e^{2t}$$
$$x_2(t)=-\frac{4}{3}e^{-t}+\frac{11}{6}e^{2t}.$$


6
Quiz-4 / Re: Q4 TUT 0801
« on: October 26, 2018, 07:34:19 PM »
Find the general solution of the given differential equation.

$$4y'' + y = 2 \sec\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)\tag{1},\qquad -\pi  < t < \pi.$$

Dividing $(1)$ by $4$, we have

$$y''+\frac{1}{4}y=\frac{1}{2}\sec{\frac{t}{2}},$$


where $p(t)=0$, $q(t)=\frac{1}{4}$, and $g(t)=\frac{1}{2}\sec{\frac{t}{2}}$ are continuous on $(-\pi, \pi)$.

The corresponding homogeneous equation is
$$4y''+y=0,$$

with characteristic equation
$$4r^2+1=0 \Rightarrow r_{1,2}=\pm\frac{i}{2}.$$

The homogeneous solution is $y_h(t)=c_1\cos\frac{t}{2}+c_2\sin\frac{t}{2}$


Computing the Wronskian,


$$W\left(\cos{\frac{t}{2}}, \sin{\frac{t}{2}}\right)(t)=\begin{array}{|c c|}\cos{\frac{t}{2}}& \sin{\frac{t}{2}} \\ -\frac{1}{2}\sin{\frac{t}{2}} &\frac{1}{2}\cos{\frac{t}{2}}\end{array}=\frac{1}{2}\ne0,$$

we verify that $y_1(t)=\cos{\frac{t}{2}}$ and $y_2(t)=\sin{\frac{t}{2}}$ form a fundamental set of solutions.


Calculating the parameters $u_1$ and $u_2$, we have

$$u_1=-\int{\frac{y_2(t)g(t)}{W(y_1,y_2)(t)}}dt=-\int{\tan{\frac{t}{2}}}dt=2\ln\left(\cos{\frac{t}{2}}\right)+c_1$$

$$u_2=\int{\frac{y_1(t)g(t)}{W(y_1,y_2)(t)}}dt=\int{1}dt=t+c_2.$$

It follows that the general solution is

$$y(t)=\cos{\frac{t}{2}}\left(2\ln{\left(\cos{\frac{t}{2}}\right)}+c_1\right)+\sin{\frac{t}{2}}(t+c_2)=2\cos{\frac{t}{2}}\ln{\left(\cos{\frac{t}{2}}\right)}+t\sin{\frac{t}{2}}+c_1\cos{\frac{t}{2}}+c_2\sin{\frac{t}{2}}.$$






7
Quiz-4 / Re: Q4 TUt 0401
« on: October 26, 2018, 06:22:16 PM »
Verify that $y_1(t)$ and $y_2(t)$ satisfy the corresponding homogeneous equation, then find a particular solution of the given nonhomogeneous equation,

$$\begin{gather*} t^2y'' - t(t + 2)y' + (t + 2)y = 2t^3,\qquad t > 0;\\ y_1(t) = t,\quad y_2(t) = te^t. \end{gather*}$$

1. Verify that $y_1(t)=t$ and $y_2(t)=te^{t}$ satisfy the corresponding homogeneous equation,

$$t^2y'' - t(t + 2)y' + (t + 2)y =0.\tag{2}$$

$$\cases{y_1(t)=t\\y'_1(t)=1\\y''_1(t)=0}$$

Plugging $y_1$, $y'_1$, and $y''_1$ into $(2)$,

$$t^2(0)- t(t + 2)(1) + (t + 2)(t) =0 \Rightarrow -t^{2}-2t+t^{2}+2t=0$$

$y_1$ satisfies $(2)$ $\Rightarrow$ $y_1$ is a solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation.


Similarily,

$$\cases{y_2(t)=te^{2}\\y'_2(t)=te^{t}+e^{t}\\y''_2(t)=te^{t}+2e^{t}}$$

Plugging $y_2$, $y'_2$, and $y''_2$ into $(2)$,

$$t^2(te^t+2e^t) - t(t + 2)(te^t+e^t) + (t + 2)(te^t) =0 \Rightarrow t^3e^t-t^3e^t+3t^2e^t-3t^2e^t+2te^t-2te^t=0$$

$y_2$ satisfies $(2)$ $\Rightarrow$ $y_2$ is a solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation.


2. Find a particular solution of the given nonhomogeneous equation,

$$t^2y'' - t(t + 2)y' + (t + 2)y = 2t^3, t>0.\tag{1}$$

Dividing $(1)$ by $t^{2}$, we have

$$y''-\frac{t+2}{t}y'+\frac{t+2}{t^{2}}=2t$$

Note that $p(t)=-1-\frac{2}{t}$, $q(t)=\frac{1}{t}+\frac{2}{t^2}$, and $g(t)=2t$ are continuous on $(0, +\infty)$

Computing the Wronskian,

$$W(t, te^{t})(t)=\begin{array}{|c c|}t& te^{t} \\ 1 & te^t+e^t\end{array}=t^2e^t\ne0,$$

we verify that $y_1(t)=t$ and $y_2(t)=te^{t}$ form a fundamental set of solutions $\forall t>0$

Calculating the parameters $u_1$ and $u_2$, we get

$$u_1=-\int{\frac{y_2(t)g(t)}{W(y_1,y_2)(t)}}dt=-\int{\frac{te^{t}2t}{t^2e^t}}dt=-\int{2}dt=-2t+c_1$$

$$u_2=\int{\frac{y_1(t)g(t)}{W(y_1,y_2)(t)}}dt=\int{\frac{t2t}{t^2e^t}}dt=2\int{e^{-t}}dt=-2e^{-t}+c_2$$

The particular solution is

$$y_p(t)=t(-2t+c_1)+te^{t}(-\frac{2}{e^t}+c_2)=-2t^{2}-2t+tc_1+te^tc_2$$

$$y_p(t)=-2t^{2}.$$

8
Quiz-4 / Re: Q4 TUT0101
« on: October 26, 2018, 05:43:58 PM »
Verify that the given functions $y_1$ and $y_2$ satisfy the corresponding homogeneous equation; then find a particular solution of the given nonhomogeneous equation.

$$\begin{gather*} t^2y''-2y=3t^2-1,\qquad t>0\tag{1};\\  y_1(t)=t^2,\quad  y_2(t)=t^{-1}. \end{gather*}$$

1. Verify that $y_1(t)=t^{2}$ and $y_2(t)=t^{-1}$ satisfy the corresponding homogeneous equation,

$$t^{2}y''-2y=0.\tag{2}$$

$$\cases{y_1(t)=t^{2}\\y'_1(t)=2t\\y''_1(t)=2}$$

Plugging $y_1$, $y'_1$, and $y''_1$ into $(2)$,

$$t^{2}(2)-2(t^{2})=0 \Rightarrow 2t^{2}-2t^{2}=0$$

$y_1$ satisfies $(2)$ $\Rightarrow$ $y_1$ is a solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation.


Similarily,

$$\cases{y_2(t)=t^{-1}\\y'_2(t)=-t^{-2}\\y''_2(t)=2t^{-3}}$$

Plugging $y_2$, $y'_2$, and $y''_2$ into $(2)$,

$$t^{2}\left(\frac{2}{t^{3}}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{t}\right)=0 \Rightarrow \frac{2}{t}-\frac{2}{t}=0$$

$y_2$ satisfies $(2)$ $\Rightarrow$ $y_2$ is a solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation.


2. Find a particular solution of the given nonhomogeneous equation,

$$t^{2}y''-2y=3t^{2}-1, t>0.\tag{1}$$

Dividing $(1)$ by $t^{2}$, we have

$$y''-\frac{2}{t^{2}}y=3-\frac{1}{t^{2}}$$

Note that $p(t)=0$, $q(t)=-\frac{2}{t^{2}}$, and $g(t)=3-\frac{1}{t^{2}}$ are continuous on $(0, +\infty)$

Computing the Wronskian,

$$W(t^{2}, t^{-1})(t)=\begin{array}{|c c|}t^{2}& t^{-1} \\ 2t & -t^{-2}\end{array}=-1-2=-3\ne0,$$

we verify that $y_1(t)=t^{2}$ and $y_2(t)=t^{-1}$ form a fundamental set of solutions $\forall t>0$

Calculating the parameters $u_1$ and $u_2$, we get

$$u_1=-\int{\frac{y_2(t)g(t)}{W(y_1,y_2)(t)}}dt=-\int{\frac{t^{-1}(3-t^{-2})}{-3}}dt=\frac{1}{3}\int{\frac{3}{t}-\frac{1}{t^{3}}}dt=\ln{t}+\frac{1}{6t^{2}}+c_1$$

$$u_2=\int{\frac{y_1(t)g(t)}{W(y_1,y_2)(t)}}dt=\int{\frac{t^{2}(3-t^{-2})}{-3}}dt=-\frac{1}{3}\int{3t^{2}-1}dt=-\frac{t^{3}}{3}+\frac{t}{3}+c_2$$

The particular solution is

$$y_p(t)=t^{2}\left(\ln{t}+\frac{1}{6t^{2}}+c_1\right)+\frac{1}{t}\left(-\frac{t^{3}}{3}+\frac{t}{3}+c_2\right)=t^{2}\ln{t}+\frac{1}{6}+c_1t^{2}-\frac{t^{2}}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{c_2}{t}=t^{2}\ln{t}+\frac{1}{2}+c_1t^{2}+\frac{c_2}{t}$$

$$y_p(t)=t^{2}\ln{t}+\frac{1}{2}.$$

9
Term Test 1 / Re: TT1 Problem 2 (morning)
« on: October 16, 2018, 11:44:27 AM »
Hi, there is my solution for Problem 2

Hey Doris, you wrote the definition of the Wronskian incorrectly, $W(y_1,y_2)(x)\ne y_1(x)y_2’(x)+y_2(x)y_1'(x)$.

Instead,
$$W(y_1,y_2)(x)=\begin{array}{|c c|}y_1(x)& y_2(x) \\ y_1’(x) & y_2’(x)\end{array}=y_1(x)y_2’(x)-y_2(x)y_1'(x).$$

Hope that helps!




10
Term Test 1 / Re: TT1 Problem 2 (morning)
« on: October 16, 2018, 11:23:09 AM »
(a) Find Wronskian $W(y_1,y_2)(x)$ of a fundamental set of solutions $y_1(x)$, $y_2(x)$ for ODE

$$-y''(e^{x}+e^{-x}+2)+y'(e^{x}-e^{-x})+2y=0.$$

Dividing but sides by $-(e^{x}+e^{-x}+2)$, we get

$$L[y]=y''-y'\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}+2}-y\frac{2}{e^{x}+e^{-x}+2}=0,$$

where $p(x)=-\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}+2}$, and $q(t)=-\frac{2}{e^{x}+e^{-x}+2}$.

By Abel's Theorem,

$$\begin{align}W(y_1,y_2)(x)&=c\exp(\int-{p(x)dx})\\&=c\exp(\int\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}+2}dx)\\&=c (e^x+e^{-x}+2).\end{align}$$

Let $c=1 \Rightarrow W(y_1,y_2)(x)=e^x+e^{-x}+2$.

b) Check that $y_1(x)=e^{x}+1$ is a solution and find another linearly independent solution.

Since $y_1(x)=e^{x}+1 \Rightarrow y_1 '(x)=e^{x}$, and $y_1 ''(x)=e^{x}$

Plugging $y_1$, $y_1 '$, and $y_1 ''$ into the ODE, we have

$$\begin{align}-e^{x}(e^{x}+e^{-x}+2)+e^{x}(e^{x}-e^{-x})+2(e^{x}+1)&=0\\-2e^x-e^{2x}-2+2e^{x}+e^{2x}+2&=0\end{align}$$

$y_1(x)$ satisfies the ODE $\Rightarrow$ $y_1(x)$ is a solution.

Given $y_1(x)$, we can find another linearly independent solution.

We know from the definition of the Wronskian that
$$W(y_1,y_2)(x)=y_1y_2 '-y_1 'y_2=(e^x+1)y_2 '-y_2 e^x$$

Equating the two expressions for the Wronskian, we get

$$(e^x+1)y_2 '-y_2 e^x=e^x+e^{-x}+2$$

Dividing both sides by $e^x+1$, and multiplying by integrating factor $\mu=\frac{1}{e^x+1}$,


$$\frac{1}{e^x+1}y_2=\int{\frac{e^x+e^{-x}+2}{e^{2x}+2e^x+1}}dx+C$$
$$\frac{1}{e^x+1}y_2=-\frac{1}{e^x}$$
$$y_2=-\frac{e^x+1}{e^x}$$
$$y_2=-1-\frac{1}{e^{x}}$$

c) Write the general solution. Find solution such that $y(0)=0$, $y'(0)=2$

The general solution to the ODE is

$$y(x)=c_1 (e^x+1)+c_2(-1-\frac{1}{e^{x}}).$$

$\Rightarrow y'(x)=c_1e^x+c_2e^{-x}$

$$\cases{c_1-c_2=0\\c_1+c_2=2} \Rightarrow \cases{c_1=1\\c_2=1}$$

Thus, the solution that satisfies $y(0)=1$, $y'(0)=2$ is

$$y(x)=e^x-\frac{1}{e^{x}}.$$




11
Term Test 1 / Re: TT1 Problem 2 (noon)
« on: October 16, 2018, 10:12:42 AM »
(a) Find Wronskian $W(y_1,y_2)(x)$ of a fundamental set of solutions $y_1(x)$, $y_2(x)$ for ODE

$$(x^{2}+1)y''-2xy'+2y=0.$$

Dividing but sides by $(x^{2}+1)$, we get
$$L[y]=y''-\frac{2x}{(x^{2}+1)}y'+\frac{2}{(x^{2}+1)}y=0,$$
where $p(x)=\frac{2x}{(x^{2}+1)}$, and $q(t)=\frac{2}{(x^{2}+1)}$.

By Abel's Theorem,

$$\begin{align}W(y_1,y_2)(x)&=c\exp(\int-{p(x)dx})\\&=c\exp(\int\frac{2x}{(x^{2}+1)}dx)\\&=ce^{\ln(x^{2}+1)}\\&=c(x^{2}+1).\end{align}$$

Let $c=1 \Rightarrow W(y_1,y_2)(x)=x^{2}+1$.

b) Check that $y_1(x)=x$ is a solution and find another linearly independent solution.

Since $y_1(x)=x \Rightarrow y_1 '(x)=1$, and $y_1 ''(x)=0$

Plugging $y_1$, $y_1 '$, and $y_1 ''$ into the ODE, we have

$$\begin{align}(x^{2}+1)\cdot 0-2x\cdot 1+2\cdot x&=0\\{-2x+2x}&={0}\end{align}$$
$y_1(x)$ satisfies the ODE $\Rightarrow$ $y_1(x)$ is a solution.


Given $y_1(x)$, we can find another linearly independent solution.

We know from the definition of the Wronskian that
$$W(y_1,y_2)(x)=y_1y_2 '-y_1 'y_2=xy_2 '-y_2$$

Equating the two expressions for the Wronskian, we get

$$xy_2 '-y_2=x^{2}+1$$

Dividing both sides by $x$, and multiplying by integrating factor $\mu=\frac{1}{x}$,

$$(\frac{1}{x}y_2)'=1+\frac{1}{x^2}$$
$$\frac{1}{x}y_2=\int{(1+\frac{1}{x^2})}dx+C$$
$$y_2(x)=x^{2}-1+Cx$$
$$y_2(x)=x^{2}-1$$

c)Write the general solution. Find solution such that $y(0)=1$, $y'(0)=1$

The general solution to the ODE is

$$y(x)=c_1 x+c_2(x^{2}-1).$$


$\Rightarrow y'(x)=c_1+2c_2 x$

$$1=c_1 \cdot 0+c_2(0^{2}-1)$$
$$1=c_1+2c_2 \cdot 0$$

$$\cases{c_1=1\\c_2=-1}$$

Thus, the solution that satisfies $y(0)=1$, $y'(0)=1$ is

$$y(x)=x-x^{2}+1.$$





12
Quiz-3 / Re: Q3 TUT 0201
« on: October 12, 2018, 07:56:39 PM »
(Pengyun's solution with corrected derivative of $xe^{x}$)

Find the Wronskian of the given pair of functions: $x$ and $xe^{x}$


$$W(x, xe^x) = \left|\begin{matrix}x & xe^{x} \\ x' & (xe^{x})'\end{matrix}\right|= \left|\begin{matrix}x & xe^{x} \\ 1 & xe^{x}+e^{x}\end{matrix}\right| = x^{2}e^{x}+xe^{x}-xe^{x}=x^{2}e^{x}.$$

13
Quiz-3 / Re: Q3 TUT0401
« on: October 12, 2018, 07:09:36 PM »
If the Wronskian $W$ of $f$ and $g$ is $t^{2}e^{t}$, and if $f(t)=t$, find $g(t)$.


Suppose that $W(f,g)=t^{2}e^{t}$ and $f(t)=t \Rightarrow f'(t)=1$

Then from $W(f,g)=fg'-gf'$, we get a first order DE

 $$tg'-g\cdot 1=t^{2}e^{t}\tag{1}$$

Dividing both sides of $(1)$ by $t$ and multiplying by integrating factor, $\mu(t)=e^{\int{p(t)}dt}=\frac{1}{t}$, we  have


$$(\frac{1}{t} g)'=e^{t}$$


$$\int{(\frac{1}{t} g)'}=\int{e^{t}}dt$$

$$\frac{1}{t} g=e^{t}+c$$

$$g(t)=te^{t}+ct.$$




14
Thanksgiving Bonus / Re: Thanksgiving bonus 4
« on: October 06, 2018, 12:22:25 AM »
Find general and special solutions to $$y= 2xy'-3(y')^2.$$

Substituting $y'=p$, we get an equation of the form $y=2xp–3{p^2}$

Differentiating both sides, we get

$dy=2xdp+2pdx-6pdp$

$dy=pdx$   $\Rightarrow$   $pdx=2xdp+2pdx-6pdp$    $\Rightarrow$    $–pdx=2xdp–6pdp$

Dividing by $p$, we get $-dx={2x \over p}dp-6dp$   $\Rightarrow$   $ {dx \over dp} + {2 \over p}x-6=0  \tag{1}$

We get a linear differential equation. To solve $(1)$, we use an integrating factor given by $\mu=e^{\int{2 \over p}dp}=e^{2\ln|p|}=p^2$

Rewrite $(1)$ as ${2 \over p}x+{dx \over dp}=6$ and multiply by the integrating factor, $\mu(p)=p^2$ to get,

$$p^2{2 \over p}x+p^2{dx \over dp}=p^2 6$$
$${d \over dp}(p^2 x)=p^2 6$$
$$x={{2p^3+C} \over p^2}$$


Thus, the general solution to (1) is
$$x={{2p + {C \over p^2}}}\tag{2}$$

Substituting $(2)$ into the Lagrange Equation, we get


$$y={2\left({2p+\frac{C}{{{p^2}}}}\right)p–3p^2}=p^2+ \frac{2C}p$$

Thus,

\begin{equation} \left\{\begin{aligned} &x={{2p + {C \over p^2}}}\\ &y=p^2+ \frac{2C}p \end{aligned}\right. \tag{3}\end{equation}


gives us a solution in the parametric form.


The Lagrange equation, $y= 2xy'-3(y')^2$, can also have a special solution (or solutions)

$\varphi (p)-p=0$

$2p–p=0$   $\Rightarrow$    $p(2-p)=0$    $\Rightarrow$    $p_1=0$ and $p_2=2$


Thus, the special solutions are
$$y=x\varphi (0)+\psi (0)=x \cdot 0+0=0.$$

15
Thanksgiving Bonus / Re: Thanksgiving bonus 1
« on: October 05, 2018, 10:55:40 PM »
Pengyun,

$\left({1 \over {(x+1)}}\right)''=\left(-{1 \over {(x+1)^2}}\right)'\ne{2x\over(x+1)^4}$. Instead, $y_1''(x)={2\over(x+1)^3}$

Similarly,

$y_2''(x)={2\over(x-1)^3}$, not ${2x\over(x-1)^4}$

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