### Author Topic: Web bonus problem : Week 4 (#6)  (Read 3098 times)

#### Victor Ivrii

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##### Web bonus problem : Week 4 (#6)
« on: October 04, 2015, 05:53:31 AM »

#### Emily Deibert

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##### Re: Web bonus problem : Week 4 (#6)
« Reply #1 on: November 18, 2015, 11:55:53 AM »
The energy that we want to conserve is given by:

E(t) = E_1(t) + E_2(t) = \frac{m_1}{2}\int_0^{\infty}(u_t^2 + c_1^2u_x^2)dx + \frac{m_2}{2}\int_{-\infty}^{0}(u_t^2 + c_2^2u_x^2)dx

To make the energy conserved, we take the time derivative of $E(t)$ and set it equal to zero. So:

\frac{dE}{dt} = \frac{m_1}{2}\int_0^{\infty}(2u_tu_{tt} + c_1^22u_xu_{xt})dx + \frac{m_2}{2}\int_{-\infty}^0(2u_tu_{tt} + c_2^2u_xu_{xt})dx
\label{eq:timeder}

Doing integration by parts on the second term of the first integral (where the result will extend to the second term of the second integral), we get:

\int_0^{\infty}u_xu_{xt}dx = u_xu_t|_0^{\infty}-\int_0^{\infty}u_{xx}u_tdx
\label{eq:parts}

Plugging \ref{eq:parts} into \ref{eq:timeder}, we get:

\frac{dE}{dt} = m_1 \left( \int_0^{\infty}u_tu_{tt}dx + c_1^2u_xu_t|_{-\infty}^0 - c_1^2\int_0^{\infty}u_{xx}u_tdx \right) + m_2 \left( \int_{-\infty}^0u_tu_{tt}dx + c_2^2u_xu_t|_0^{\infty} - c_2^2\int_{-\infty}^0u_{xx}u_tdx \right)
\label{eq:terms}

For each term, we can combine the integrals. For example, for the first term we have:

m_1 \int_0^{\infty} \left( u_tu_{tt}dx - c_1^2u_{xx}u_tdx \right) = m_1 \int_0^{\infty} \left( u_t \left(u_{tt} - c_1^2u_{xx} \right) dx \right)
\label{eq:rearrange}

Recall from the problem that $u_{tt} - c_{1/2}^2u_{xx} = 0$. Therefore we get:

\frac{dE}{dt} = m_1c_1^2u_xu_t|_0^{\infty} + m_2c_2^2u_xu_t|_{-\infty}^0

\frac{dE}{dt} = m_1c_1^2u_x(\infty)u_t(\infty) - m_1c_1^2u_x(0)u_t(0) + m_2c_2^2u_x(0)u_t(0) - m_2c_2^2u_x(-\infty)u_t(-\infty)

Here we must assume that the solutions are fast-decaying, so the terms at infinity go to zero. We then get:

\frac{dE}{dt} = - m_1c_1^2u_x(0)u_t(0) + m_2c_2^2u_x(0)u_t(0)

Since we wanted the energy to be conserved, we set this to zero. We can then solve for the required relation between $m_1$ and $m_2$.

- m_1c_1^2u_x(0)u_t(0) + m_2c_2^2u_x(0)u_t(0) = 0 \longrightarrow m_1c_1^2u_x(0)u_t(0) = m_2c_2^2u_x(0)u_t(0)

\longrightarrow m_1c_1^2 = m_2c_2^2 \longrightarrow m_1 = \frac{m_2c_2^2}{c_1^2}

Therefore we can conclude that for the energy to be conserved, $m_1:m_2 = \frac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}$.

#### Bruce Wu

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##### Re: Web bonus problem : Week 4 (#6)
« Reply #2 on: November 18, 2015, 12:08:49 PM »
Can you please clarify what you mean by $c_{1/2}$ in the line above equation (6)?

#### Emily Deibert

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##### Re: Web bonus problem : Week 4 (#6)
« Reply #3 on: November 18, 2015, 12:20:03 PM »
Can you please clarify what you mean by $c_{1/2}$ in the line above equation (6)?

Hi Fei Fan Wu,

Thank you for your excellent question. By $c_{1/2}$, I meant that the relation applies for either $c_1$ or $c_2$.

#### Emily Deibert

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##### Re: Web bonus problem : Week 4 (#6)
« Reply #4 on: November 18, 2015, 12:20:53 PM »
By the way, this is only part a. I will respond with part b later!