# Toronto Math Forum

## MAT244-2013S => MAT244 Math--Lectures => Ch 1--2 => Topic started by: Victor Ivrii on January 17, 2013, 02:18:45 PM

Title: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Victor Ivrii on January 17, 2013, 02:18:45 PM
Equation
$$y'=\frac{y-x-2}{y+x}$$
by a change of variables $x=t+a$, $y=z+b$reduce to homogeneous equation and solve it. Express $y$ as an implicit function of $x$:
$$F(x,y)=C.$$

Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Changyu Li on January 18, 2013, 01:41:07 AM
$x = u+h \\ y = v+k\\$
at $(u,v) = 0\\$
$k - h - 2 = 0 \\ h + k = 0 \\ \Rightarrow h = -1,\;k = 1\\$
$x = u - 1 \\ dx = du\\ y = v + 1 \\ dy = dv \\$
$$\frac{dv}{du} = \frac{v-u}{u+v} \\$$

let $v = ut,\;\frac{dv}{du}=t+u \frac{dt}{du}$

$$t + u \frac{dt}{du}=\frac{ut-u}{u+ut} = \frac{t-1}{1+t}$$
simplify with magic
$$\frac{1}{u} du = \frac{1+t}{-1-t^2}dt \\ \ln \left| u \right| = -\frac{1}{2}\ln \left| t^2 +1 \right| -\arctan t + C \\ \ln \left| u \right| = -\frac{1}{2}\ln \left| \left( \frac{v}{u} \right) ^2 +1 \right| -\arctan \left( \frac{v}{u} \right) + C \\ \ln \left| x+1 \right| = -\frac{1}{2}\ln \left| \left( \frac{y-1}{x+1} \right) ^2 +1 \right| -\arctan \left( \frac{y-1}{x+1} \right) + C$$
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Victor Ivrii on January 18, 2013, 02:08:11 AM
Please change a name to one which allows to identify you.

Correct final steps as $\int \frac{1}{1+t^2}\,dt$ calculated incorrectly.

Also type \tan \ln to produce $\tan, \ln$ etc; $\arctan(z)$ is preferable to $\tan^{-1}(z)$ which could be confused with $1/\tan(z)$.

Note: the final expression could be simplified.
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Changyu Li on January 18, 2013, 02:28:56 AM
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Victor Ivrii on January 18, 2013, 02:38:46 AM
The final expression as I mentioned could be simplified
$$\frac{1}{2}\ln \bigl( (y-1)^2+(x+1)^2 \bigr) + \arctan \left( \frac{y-1}{x+1} \right) = C.$$
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Brian Bi on January 20, 2013, 08:59:46 PM
let $v = ut,\;\frac{dv}{du}=t+u \frac{dt}{du}$
What's the motivation for this? Inspired guess?
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Victor Ivrii on January 21, 2013, 12:49:00 AM
let $v = ut,\;\frac{dv}{du}=t+u \frac{dt}{du}$
What's the motivation for this? Inspired guess?

Standard method solving homogeneous equations i.e. of the form $y'=f(y/x)$.
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Brian Bi on January 21, 2013, 01:13:56 AM
I see. Is this covered in class or in the textbook? I can't find it in the textbook.
Title: Re: Bonus problem for week 2
Post by: Changyu Li on January 21, 2013, 01:50:39 AM
Problem 30 from chapter 2.2 in the tenth edition is a similar problem with a partial solution.