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### Topics - Gavrilo Milanov Dzombeta

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##### Quiz-4 / Q4: TUT0102
« on: October 18, 2019, 02:00:43 PM »
$$\text{Solve the following given equation for t > 0.}$$
$$\text{No need to do an actual change of variables, just use the result of Problem 34, Section 3.3}$$
$$t^2 y^{\prime \prime} + 3 t y^{\prime} - 3y = 0$$

$$\text{characteristic equation: } r^2 - r + 3r -3 = 0$$
$$r^2 + 2r - 3 =0$$
$$\therefore r = \dfrac{-2 \pm \sqrt{16}}{2} \implies r_1 = 1 \text{ and } r_2 = - 3$$
$$y_1 = e^{x} \text{ and } y_2 = e^{- 3x}$$
$$\therefore y\left(x\right) = c_1 e^{x} + c_2 e^{- 3x}$$
$$x = \ln{t}$$
$$\therefore y\left(t\right) = c_1 e^{\ln{t}} + c_2 e^{- 3 \ln{t}}$$
$$\therefore y\left(t\right) = c_1 t + \dfrac{c_2}{t^3}$$

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##### Quiz-3 / Q3: TUT0102
« on: October 11, 2019, 02:00:06 PM »
$$\text{Verify that the functions } y_1 \text{ and } y_2 \text{ are solutions of the given differential equation. Do they constitute a fundamental set of solutions?}$$
$$\left( 1- x \cot(x)\right) y^{\prime \prime} - x y^{\prime} + y = 0,$$
$$0 < x < \pi \text{ and } y_1 (x) = x \text{ and } y_2 (x) = \sin(x)$$

$$\text{Consider } y_1(x) = x$$
$$\therefore {y_1}^{\prime}(x) = 1 \text{ and } {y_1}^{\prime \prime}(x) = 0$$
$$(1 - x\cot(x))y^{\prime \prime} - xy^{\prime} + y = (1 - x\cot(x))(0) - x + x = 0$$
$$\therefore y_1(x) = x \text{ is a solution of the differential equation } (1 - x\cot(x))y^{\prime \prime} - x y^{\prime} + y = 0$$
$$\text{Consider } y_2(x) = \sin(x)$$
$$y^{\prime} = \cos(x) \text{ and } y^{\prime \prime} = \sin(x)$$
$$(1 - x\cot(x))y^{\prime \prime} - x y^{\prime} + y = (1 - x\cot(x))(-\sin(x)) - x(\cos(x)) + \sin(x) = 0$$
$$W(y_1, y_2)(t) = \begin{array}{|cc|} x & \sin(x) \\ 1 & \cos(x) \end{array} = x\cos(x) - \sin(x) \ne 0 \text{ for } 0 < x < \pi$$
$$\therefore y_1, y_2 \text{ form a fundamental set of solutions}$$

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##### Quiz-2 / Q2: TUT0102
« on: October 04, 2019, 02:00:43 PM »
$$\text{Find an integrating factor and solve the following equation: }$$
$$e^{x} + \left(e^{x} \cot(y) + 2y \csc(y)\right)y^\prime = 0 \tag{1}$$

$$\text{Let } M = e^{x} \text{ and } N = e^{x} \cot(y) + 2y \csc(y)$$
$$\text{Then } M_y = 0 \text{ and } N_x = e^{x} \cot(y)$$
$$M_y \neq N_x \implies \text{The equation is not exact.}$$
$$\dfrac{N_x - M_y}{M} = \dfrac{e^{x}\cot(y)}{e^{x}} = \cot(y)$$
$$\mu = e^{\int{\cot(y)dy}} = e^{\int \frac{\cos(y)}{\sin(y)}dy}$$
$$\text{The integrating factor is: } \mu = \sin(y)$$
$$\text{Multiply equation 1 by \mu.}$$
$${e^{x}}\sin(y) + \left({e^{x}}\cos(y) + 2y\right)y^\prime = 0 \tag{2}$$
$$\text{ Let } \tilde{M} = e^{x}\sin(y) \text{ and } \tilde{N} = {e^{x}}\cos(y) + 2y$$
$$\tilde{M}_y = {e^{x}}\cos(y) \text{ and } \tilde{N}_x = {e^{x}}\cos(y)$$
$$\tilde{M}_y = \tilde{N}_x \implies \text{ Equation 2 is exact.}$$
$$\psi_x = M \tag{3}$$
$$\text{Integrating equation 3 with respect to x},$$
$$\int{\psi_x dx} = \int{e^{x} \sin(y) dx}$$
$$\therefore \psi = e^{x} \sin(y) + h(y) \tag{4}$$
$$\psi_y = e^{x} \cos(y) + h^\prime(y)$$
$$\psi_y = N$$
$$\therefore e^{x} \cos(y) + h^\prime(y) = e^{x}\cos(y) + 2y$$
$$\int{h^\prime(y) dy} = \int{2y dy} \implies h(y) = y^{2}$$
$$\therefore e^{x}\sin(y) + y^{2} = c$$

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##### Quiz-1 / Q1: TUT0102
« on: September 27, 2019, 02:01:46 PM »
$$\text{Find the general solution to the given equation by variation of parameter }$$
$$y' + \dfrac{1}{t}y = 3\cos(2t) ,t\gt 0$$
$$\text{Make the equation homogeneous}$$
$$y' + \dfrac{1}{t}y = 0$$
$$\dfrac{dy}{dt} = - \dfrac{y}{t}$$
$$\dfrac{dy}{y} = - \dfrac{dt}{t}$$
$$\int \dfrac{dy}{y} = - \int \dfrac{dt}{t}$$
$$ln(y) = - ln(t) + c$$
$$y = e^{-ln(t)} e^{c}$$
$$\text{let } A = e^{c}$$
$$y = \dfrac{A}{t} \implies A(t) = yt$$
$$y = \dfrac{A(t)}{t}$$
$$y' + \dfrac{1}{t}y = 3\cos(2t)$$
$$\left[\dfrac{A(t)}{t}\right]^{'} + \dfrac{1}{t^2}\left[A(t)\right] = 3\cos(2t)$$
$$\dfrac{tA'(t) - A(t)}{t^2} +\dfrac{1}{t^2}\left[A(t)\right] = 3\cos(2t)$$
$$\dfrac{A'(t)}{t} = 3\cos(2t)$$
$$A'(t) = 3t\cos(2t)$$
$$\int A'(t) dt = \int 3t\cos(2t) dt$$
$$\text{Integration by parts}$$
$$A(t) = \dfrac{3t\sin(2t)}{2} + \dfrac{3\cos(2t)}{4} + C$$
$$y = \dfrac{3\cos(2t)}{4t} + \dfrac{3\sin(2t)}{2t} + \dfrac{C}{t}$$

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