Author Topic: Q7 TUT 0301  (Read 4036 times)

Victor Ivrii

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Q7 TUT 0301
« on: November 30, 2018, 04:06:33 PM »
(a) Determine all critical points of the given system of equations.

(b) Find the corresponding linear system near each critical point.

(c) Find the eigenvalues of each linear system. What conclusions can you then draw about the nonlinear system?

(d)  Draw a phase portrait of the nonlinear system to confirm your conclusions, or to extend them in those cases where the linear system does not provide definite information about the nonlinear system.
\left\{\begin{aligned} &\frac{dx}{dt} = (1 + x) \sin (y), \\ &\frac{dy}{dt} = 1 - x - \cos (y). \end{aligned}\right.

Bonus: Computer generated picture

Michael Poon

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Re: Q7 TUT 0301
« Reply #1 on: November 30, 2018, 04:33:58 PM »
a) To find the critical points, we need to set x' = 0 and y' = 0

In the first equation, that is only satisfied when x = -1 or y = n$\pi$, where n is an integer.

However, when we carry those constraints to the second equation, x = -1 is no longer valid as $\cos(y)$ is bound by -1 and 1.

So the critical points are (0, 2n$\pi$), where n is an integer and (2, n$\pi$), where n is $\pm1, \pm3, \pm5, ...$ or 0

b) To get the corresponding linear system we take the Jacobian matrix and substitute the critical points in:

For (0, 2n$\pi$), where n is an integer:

\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1\\ -1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}

For (2, n$\pi$), where n is $\pm1, \pm3, \pm5, ...$:

\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 3\\ -1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}

« Last Edit: December 01, 2018, 04:10:23 AM by Victor Ivrii »

Michael Poon

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Re: Q7 TUT 0301
« Reply #2 on: November 30, 2018, 04:37:30 PM »
c) For the first critical point(s), the eigenvalues are $\pm i$. This means the phaseportrait is centre (CW).

For the next critical point(s), the eigenvalues are $\pm \sqrt{3}$, this means the phaseportrait is a saddle.

Phaseportrait coming below:

Michael Poon

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Re: Q7 TUT 0301
« Reply #3 on: November 30, 2018, 04:48:48 PM »
Phaseportrait computer generated using Wolfram Alpha:

Includes a centre centred at (0,0) and saddles centred at (2, $\pi$), (2, $-\pi$).

(Click to enlarge!)

Jingze Wang

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Re: Q7 TUT 0301
« Reply #4 on: November 30, 2018, 05:27:47 PM »
c) For the first critical point(s), the eigenvalues are $\pm i$. This means the phaseportrait is centre (CW).
Hi Michael, I think you should mention that phase portrait is counterclockwise for the first matrix since -1<0 rather than imaginary eigenvalues

Michael Poon

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Re: Q7 TUT 0301
« Reply #5 on: November 30, 2018, 06:34:02 PM »
c) For the first critical point(s), the eigenvalues are $\pm i$. This means the phaseportrait is centre (CW).
Hi Michael, I think you should mention that phase portrait is counterclockwise for the first matrix since -1<0 rather than imaginary eigenvalues

From Prof. Ivrii's post: http://forum.math.toronto.edu/index.php?topic=1525.0

Given the matrix of the first critical point, b = 1, c = -1, and it seems the link above says, b >0, c<0 => clockwise?

Mengfan Zhu

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Re: Q7 TUT 0301
« Reply #6 on: December 01, 2018, 03:09:51 AM »
Hello, here is my solution.
There are two critical points:
(0, 2nπ) n=0,1,2,3... and (2, nπ) n=1,3,5...
By the way, I think there is no “±” for n here.
At (0, 2nπ), it's indeterminate center or spiral point.
At (2, nπ), it's an unstable saddle point.
The graph drawn by hand is also below.
Thank you ^_^

Victor Ivrii

$$dt =\frac{dx}{(1+x)\sin(y)}=\frac{dy}{1-x-cos(y)}\implies\\ [1-x-\cos(y)]dx -(1+x)\sin(y)dy=0\implies\\ \frac{1-x}{(1+x)^2}- \frac{\cos(y)}{(1+x)^2}dx-\frac{\sin(y)}{1+x}dy=0\implies\\ -\frac{2}{1+x}-\ln (1+x) + \frac{\cos(y)}{1+x}=C$$
and since $1+x \ne 0$ for $x>0$ everything is fine.